OOPs (Object Oriented Programming System)

 OOPs (Object Oriented Programming System) 

Object means a real word entity such as pen, chair, table etc. Object-Oriented Programming is a methodology or paradigm to design a program using classes and objects. It simplifies the software development and maintenance by providing some concepts: 

1. Object
2. Class 
3. Inheritance 
4. Polymorphism 
5. Abstraction 
6. Encapsulation 

Object Any entity that has state and behavior is known as an object. For example: chair, pen, table, keyboard, bike etc. It can be physical and logical. 

Class Collection of objects is called class. It is a logical entity.

Inheritance When one object acquires all the properties and behaviors of parent object i.e. known as inheritance. It provides code re usability. It is used to achieve runtime polymorphism.

Polymorphism When one task is performed by different ways i.e. known as polymorphism. For example: to convince the customer differently, to draw something e.g. shape or rectangle etc. In java, we use method overloading and method overriding to achieve polymorphism. Another example can be to speak something e.g. cat speaks meaw, dog barks woof etc. 

Abstraction Hiding internal details and showing functionality is known as abstraction. For example: phone call, we don't know the internal processing. In java, we use abstract class and interface to achieve abstraction. 

Encapsulation Binding (or wrapping) code and data together into a single unit is known as encapsulation. For example: capsule, it is wrapped with different medicines. A java class is the example of encapsulation. Java bean is the fully encapsulated class because all the data members are private here.